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Platinum Essays - Chemical Elements, Transition Metals, Noble Metals

Platinum Essays - Chemical Elements, Transition Metals, Noble Metals Platinum subject = Chemistry title = Platinum Platinum is a generally uncommon, artificially latent, metallic component. It image is Pt, nuclear number is 78, and its nuclear weight is 195.09. Platinum is one of the heaviest substances known. One cubic foot of Platinum gauges multiple times as much as a cubic foot of water. A grayish-white metal, Platinum has a liquefying purpose of 1772 degrees C and a realatively high breaking point of 3827 degrees C. It has a high intertwining point, is flexible and moldable, grows somewhat after warming, and has high electrical obstruction. Platinum is only occasionally utilized in its unadulterated stage since it is excessively delicate. The third most flexible metal, it can be brought into a string one twenty thousandth piece of an inch in thickness. It is incredibly impervious to assault via air, water, single acids and customary reagents, however dissolves in hot water regia, a blend of nitric and hydrochloric acids. Platinum has the bizarre property of having the option to ingest enormous sums of hydrogen at conventional temperatures and oppose it at high temperatures. The primary notice of Platinum happens in the compositions of an Italian doctor what's more, writer named Julius Caesar Salinger in 1557. A hieroglypic character made froma grain of Platinum dated back to the seventh century. Credit for revelation of Platinum has been given to Don Antonio de Ulloa, a youthful lieutenant in the Spanish Navy. The metal was alluded to as the platina de Pinto, which means the siver like metal from the Pinto River. The principal exhaustive investigation of Platinum was conductd in1750 by the English doctor William Brownrigg. Brownrigg noticed that Platinum was heavier and much more artificially inactive than Gold was. Platinum structures valuable combinations with numerous different metals, including Iridium, Palladium, Rhodium, Ruthenium, Osmium, Gold, Nickel, Cobalt, and Tungsten. At high temperatures Platinum additionally responds with Chlorine, Fluorine, Phosphorus, Arsenic and Sulfur. Among the progress metals, Platinum has the best inclinations to bond legitimately with Carbon. Platinum is utilized widely in present day mechanical society in light of its synthetic dormancy, high liquefying point, and uncommon synergist properties. platinum is important for lab mechanical assembly, for example, tongs, burning pontoons, cauldrons and evaoporating dishes. It is additionally utilized for thermometers in heaters, for cathodes in making quantitative compound examinations, and for consumption and warmth safe instruments. Platinum is utilized widely in the adornments business for setting precious stones and other valuable stones. Rocket and stream motor parts regularly contain Platinum compounds since they should withstand high temperatures for significant stretches of time. At oil processing plants, finely partitioned Platinum is utilized as an impetus in overhauling the octane of fuel. In vehicles, converters containing Platinum-Palladium composites lessen air contamination from exhaust gases. Top notch optical glass for TV picture cylinders and eyeglasses is softened in pots fixed with nonreactive Platinum combinations. A type of Platinu m,cisplatin, stops malignant growth cell division furthermore, disturbs its development design.

How to Make Cold Calling Work

How to Make Cold Calling Work Cold calling is a bit of a dirty word in the sales world. Most individuals you interview hate receiving cold calls, whilst even the sales representatives have a dislike for the practice. Yet, it remains an important strategy for many companies and it has the potential to provide plenty of benefits to a business â€" if only conducted properly. © Shutterstock.com | Nikita SavostikovThis guide will look at 1) what cold calling is all about, 2) the reason it has a bad reputation, and 3) the advantages it offers to businesses. You’ll learn about 4) the core building blocks of a successful cold calling strategy and 5) the keys to a good cold call.WHAT IS COLD CALLING ALL ABOUT?The practice of cold calling refers to a situation where a business contacts potential customers without their anticipation of such an interaction. It is essentially a technique where the business approaches individuals without knowledge that they are interested.You shouldn’t confuse it with the opposite practice of warm calling, where the business has prior knowledge to suggest the person contacted is interested in the product. Cold calling can sometimes also be mistakenly identified as telemarketing. Whilst cold calling is a form of telemarketing, telemarketing is not limited to using cold calling as a strategy. In telemarketing, there is often pri or research involved and it often includes further call-ups with the individual or business.Cold calling strategies typically refer to phone calls, but cold calling can also entail different methods. For example, drop-in visits can be part of a cold calling strategy. The defining aspect of a cold calling strategy is its focus on individuals or businesses, which are not pre-screened or questioned to find out whether they are interested in what the business has to offer.The practice is widely considered one of the toughest sales strategies, mainly due to its unpredictability.WHY COLD CALLING HAS A BAD REPUTATIONCold calling has received a bad reputation in recent years. Since the nature of cold calling requires the contact to be without a prior notice, it can often be considered rather intrusive. The strategy doesn’t involve any prior knowledge of whether the customer is looking to receive the contact and at what time, which can lead to the business contacting at inappropriate times .There have also been certain examples of industries and businesses using aggressive cold calling tactics. Some of these have meant individuals have been contacted at a wholly inappropriate time, the sales pitches have been too intrusive and the person has been contacted numerous times a week or even a day.With the rise of alternative marketing and sales tactics, such as social media, e-mails and text message marketing, cold calling has also been loosing more ground and popularity.WHY COLD CALLING CAN BE BENEFICIAL TO YOUR BUSINESSBut despite the bad press, there are certain benefits a business can enjoy by using a cold calling strategy. If you apply cold calling in the right manner in your business, the strategy has the potential to:Identify new leads â€"Cold calling is a great way to recognise new targets for your business. Whether you are looking to sell your product or service to an individual or a business entity, you can gain insight into a potential client simply by contactin g people. In terms of cold calling from business to business, cold calling can be a great way to identify the people in the other business that might be interested in knowing about your business.Gain insight in the market â€" If your business’ marketing tactics are not providing the required impact, cold calling can be a useful method for understanding the reasons behind the problem. By contacting the individuals, you can understand why people might not be interested in your product. If you reach out to people you’ve cold called in the past with no success, you can gain insight into why the particular campaign didn’t work. Perhaps what you offer is not the problem, but rather the way you were trying to sell it.Cost effective marketing â€" Cold calling also tends to offer a more cost-effective solution to some other marketing methods. Telemarketing is often a relatively cheap alternative to advertising through other mediums and can help you increase conversion rates with relati vely little effort.On an individual level, mastering the art of cold calling can also be highly beneficial. Since the strategy is considered to be among the hardest sales tactics, you can learn plenty of transferable skills by becoming good at cold calling. These skills include the ability to solve problems quickly, increased creativity and enhanced interpersonal skills.THE THREE BUILDING BLOCKS OF EFFECTIVE COLD CALLING CAMPAIGNSIn order to avoid the negative response and to take advantage of the above benefits, your business must approach cold calling carefully. It is vital to device a solid strategy for cold calling or otherwise your business could potentially damage its brand, as well as miss the benefits.For your cold calling strategy to work, the following three building blocks must be at the core of your plan.1) Defining your target marketFirst, while cold calling doesn’t require you to know whether the people you are contacting are looking for your specific business, it al so doesn’t mean you just dial a number and start calling. You need to define a target market before you start calling, because not everyone is going to benefit from what you are offering.Before you make the calls or visits, consider the kind of audience you are looking for, the people or businesses that would actually benefit from your business. The art of cold calling is all about understanding who can benefit from what you offer and convincing the individuals or businesses to feel the same way.Since you don’t want to be spending time with customers who have no need for your product, you need to be able to identify the ones that do. This will ensure you actually provide the right sales pitch to the right people.In addition, if you are targeting business clients, then you have to do basic research before you call. What is meant by basic research is not detailed business and personal information â€" you simply need to know the name and the area of industry the business operates i n. These can be found on LinkedIn and business websites in a matter of seconds, so don’t forget the basic research!2) Having a reason for calling and a call to actionOn the other hand, you also need to have a valid reason for contacting the people. In a matter of moments, you must be able to explain to the individual why they should take the time and listen to your pitch. If you don’t have a purpose for contacting them, you aren’t going to convince anyone to listen to you.Essentially this means that your cold calling campaign must have a goal (for example, introducing your new product line for people), as well as a convincing value proposition for the customers (for example, they can gain free access to the latest medical research).Having a goal for the phone call or meeting will provide more direction for the conversation. You are able to direct the conversation towards meeting the end goal, which doesn’t always have to be an actual sale. Furthermore, it also makes it easie r to measure the success of your cold calling strategy. By having an end goal to each call, you can immediately see whether the goal was met or not.As well as having a clearly defined objective for the call, you must also make sure each contact provides the individual with a call to action. This can be anything from offering a sale to getting them sign up with your newsletter. The most important thing is to offer this call to action. If you give the individual the option to react, it is much likely going to lead to a meaningful relationship instead of you just providing information about your business.3) Employing the right personnelFinally, your cold calling strategy must be built around the right employees. As we’ve mentioned above, cold calling is one of the toughest sales tactics in the world and not everyone is able to pull it off. Even if you take care of the other two building blocks, you can’t guarantee success without having the right people making the calls.Part of the reason cold calling has such a bad name in the business world is because it has been conducted by the wrong people. Many companies tend to have the worst salespeople conducting cold calling and some companies still use the cold calling floor as a ‘punishment’ for bad sales representatives. Avoid this sort of approach in your business. Instead, you should opt to employ the best people for the position and get them to feel proud of what they do.When you are looking for people to cold call for you, make sure you hire the people with the right skills. A cold caller will need to be:A good communicatorPassionate about the jobCompassionate towards other people and their feelingsA great sales personA quick thinker and a problem solverGetting good at cold calling will take some practice and you definitely want to train your personnel, especially if they are new to the practice. Continuous analysis of how well your employees are doing is important in order to ensure they are meeting thei r targets, as well as enjoying what they do.THE KEYS TO A GOOD CALLIf you have the above three building blocks under control, you need to turn your attention to the actual call (the points also apply to a good cold meeting). It’s important to focus on the quality of the call because simple things can have a huge impact on how successful your cold calling campaign will be.Apply enthusiastic and energetic approachHave you ever received a cold call in the middle of your lunch from someone who sounded half asleep and unbothered about your response? If you have, then you probably didn’t end up having a meaningful conversation with the person, which resulted in you purchasing the product or service they were selling.The way other people talk to us can have a huge impact on how we approach the situation as well. If you sound energetic and enthusiastic about the products, is much more likely the person listening will also feel excited to hear more. By sounding defeatist and uninterested , you channel these feelings to the person you are talking with.Before you pick up the phone, try to get into that energetic and enthusiastic state. Make sure you smile while you speak and be as positive about the situation as you can. Don’t be too apologetic about the call â€" you are, after all, in the strong belief the person will benefit from what you are offering. This naturally doesn’t mean you shouldn’t be mindful, which will be discussed in detail below.Furthermore, make sure you try and get the energetic approach transferred to the individual as well. One way to do this is to ensure you aren’t the only one talking. Make sure the cold call pitch involves plenty of questions that challenge the other person to think and pay attention.Prepare yourself properlyWe’ve already discussed the importance of devising a plan of action for your cold calls. As well as having the overall reason for cold calling and the sales pitch for why the product and service matters, the call er must also focus on preparing themselves for the call.It’s important to ensure the person knows the product and service on sale inside out, not just the benefits it has for the target market. You never know what questions the individual might ask and you must be prepared to give the answers â€" or know how and where the person can find out more.It is a good idea to also have a sales pitch script at hand for the call. This doesn’t mean you must read out the statements and not step out of the script, but it can provide more structure for the call. Have the key points of the call prepared in advance to ensure you never miss mentioning them.As mentioned above, the attitude of the caller can have a huge impact on how well the call goes. Therefore, you need to ensure you call when you are at the right mind set. It might sound odd, but sales persons can influence their ability to sell with a healthy lifestyle. When your body and mind feels good, it will show in your work as well!Fina lly, be prepared for different responses. Anyone who’s cold called before knows you can be greeted with anything from real enthusiasm to outright hostility. It is crucial you are able to deal with different reactions and deal with them in a professional manner. Remember a cold first contact doesn’t necessarily mean you can’t win the customer over!Catch attention immediatelyWhen you cold call a customer, you are essentially interrupting them. The starting point of the pitch is therefore not ideal and you need to be able to turn the mood around immediately. There is a lot of pressure at the start of the call and you must be able to catch the individual’s attention in a positive manner.It’s a good idea to overcome the initial annoyance of the disruption with something better. The person might have been in the middle of watching their favourite TV show and you need to tell them something, which is more interesting to them.Don’t bother with too much personal rapport building at the start; you don’t need to be talking about the weather or their hobbies at this point. You want the person to have an instant reaction to whether you are offering something interesting with good value.Check out the tips for nailing the first 20 seconds of your cold call from this YouTube video: Offer optionsIndividuals who dislike cold calling often feel helpless. The aggressive cold calling strategy floods the individual with information and makes it hard for the individual to have a say or opt out from the situation. If you want to succeed with your cold calling, you need to offer options.First, make sure you clearly give the individual the option to stop the call after you’ve told them your reasons for contacting them and how they might benefit from your business. Don’t simply let them hang up. Offer them the option of an alternative time for the call, a different contact method (for example, e-mail) or the option of no further contact.In addition, don’t simply try to make a single type of sale. Instead of offering a product X, try tweaking the offer by offering a free sample or a try-out. You could even give options like a three-month subscription instead of six and so on. If the individual feels in charge, they are much happier to talk to you.Be mindfulFinally, it is essential you are mindful about the situation. Cold call is essentially going to interrupt the person and you can’t just pretend it isn’t a minor disruption. You shouldn’t treat it as a cold-hearted strategy for pushing a sale â€" even when you don’t end up selling, you might make a further sale later if you made a good impression.Always sound mindful about the situation and as mentioned above, offer the individual the option to have the conversation later or never, if that’s what they want. If the person you are talking with sounds truly agitated, don’t continue. You might have caught them at a horrible time and you don’t want to try your luck.Be wary of the times you call or visit companies. Not only is it good manners to carefully pick the time for the call, it also makes more business sense in most instances. Calling to another business about a sale at 16.30 on a Friday afternoon is certainly not the time most people are willing to talk business.But as mentioned earlier, don’t feel negative or ashamed your business uses cold calling as a strategy. Respect customer boundaries and personal freedom to choose, but make sure your cold calling strategy’s bottom line is to help people find the right products and services.

The Works of Phillis Wheatley Essay examples - 803 Words

The Works of Phillis Wheatley Biography: Phillis Wheatley was born in West Africa around 1753. Sometime after her birth, she was brought to America and purchased by John Wheatley in 1761. He turned Phillis over to his wife, Susanna, to work as a personal maid. After realizing Phillis’ intellect, the Wheatley family encouraged Phillis to study the Bible and read English and Latin literature, history and geography. Wheatley’s first poem was published in a Rhode Island newspaper in 1767. Poems on Various Subjects consisted of thirty-eight poems written by Wheatley, and it could be found in London in 1773. Wheatley died on December 5, 1784.* Discussion of Wheatley’s Work: The poetry of Phillis Wheatley should be considered†¦show more content†¦There are many ways in which this poem could be read. A white could have read it as either a submissive praise of Christianity or a belief that a slave believed in equality. An African-American could have read it with similar perspectives. The whites would have found the submissive reading to be more favorable, and the African-Americans would have favored the reading of equality. However, it was doubtful that many, if any blacks, were permitted to read any of Wheatley’s work. Wheatley tended to write many religiously based poems. They all consisted of her true opinions. They ranged from speaking about dead reverends that she respected to her opinions about the lives of Atheist and Deist. Atheism called out the downfalls that Wheatley believed to be corrupting the lives of those that did not believe in God. She accused Atheists of being self-centered and selfish, and she wrote, [t]hy heart in unbelief will harder grow†¦Thy unbelief disturbs the peaceful mind (Wheatley 130). Since Wheatley had found her freedom in her Christianity, she felt as though Christianity was the sole road to happiness during and after life. Wheatley knew what she believed in, and she was not afraid to let the world know. The Deists were not safe from Wheatley’s criticism either. She accused the Deists of being the children of Satan (Wheatley 131). Some people might have foundShow MoreRelatedPhillis Wheatley an Ex-African1082 Words   |  5 Pages9-11:45am 25 March 2011 Phillis Wheatley an Ex-African Phillis Wheatley born in Gambia, Africa in 1753 was the first early African American slave poet. â€Å"A kidnapped African slave child, aged about seven years old† (Lauter 1297), she was brought to Boston where she was sold to John and Susanna Wheatley. Phillis Wheatley’s first name was not given to her at birth she acquired her name by the ship that carried her to America in which it was name â€Å"The Phillis†. Susanna Wheatley chose the young AfricanRead MorePhillis Wheatley : A Pioneer Of American Poetry1310 Words   |  6 PagesPhillis Wheatley: A Pioneer of American Poetry Phillis Wheatley was an American figure unlike any other at her time. In a time where slavery was the normal, Ms. Wheatley was a revolutionary figure. She was not revolutionary because she was one of the enslaved but because she was one of the enslaved that knew how to read and write, becoming a published author. Women at the time of Phillis Wheatley were oppressed into submission to social norms. It was almost unheard of for a woman to write poetryRead MoreEssay on Phillis Wheatley1643 Words   |  7 Pages Phillis Wheatley, one of America’s most profound writers, has contributed greatly to American literature, not only as a writer, but as an African American woman, who has influenced many African Americans by enriching their knowledge of and exposure to their Negro heritage and Negro literature. As one of America’s most renown writers, Wheatley, said to be the mother of African American Literature, is best known for her sympathetic portrayals of African American th ought. Wheatley’s literary contributionsRead More American Poet: Phillis Wheatley Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Poet: Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley was an African-born slave in the last quarter of the eighteenth-century in New England. She was born in West Africa and brought to America on the slave ship Phillis. She was, however, much more than chattel-she was a poet. Phillis was the first African American to have a book published. In a time when women were not expected to be able to read or write, and when teaching an African American to be literate was frowned upon, Phillis Wheatley became educatedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Phillis Wheatley 1037 Words   |  5 PagesChandler Helmers Mr. Campbell English 3 Honors 10/12/14 An Analysis on the work of Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley is a Gambian born African American poet. She was bought off of the slave trade by the Wheatley family from Boston. Her love of writing was influenced by the reassurance of the Wheatley family who taught her how to read and write. The family encouraged her poetry and helped develop her literature skills. Phillis is known for becoming the first published African American poet. Many seeRead MoreCharacteristics Of Phillis Wheatley859 Words   |  4 Pages Phillis Wheatley. African American, poet, slave, woman. These were all the characteristics that describe Phillis Wheatley. She was a big part of what is our country today. Also a big part of women’s rights. Phillis was born on May 8, 1753 in Gambia, Africa. At the age of 8, she was captured. She was then put on a crowded boat that would come to America. These boat rides to America were very traumatic, and Phillis was only 8 at the time. The year 1761 was the year she was sold in Boston, MassachusettsRead MoreGratitude Of Ash By Phillis Wheatley1080 Words   |  5 PagesGratitude of Ash Phillis Wheatley drew attention in the 18thcentury for being a black slave, and a child prodigy who was able to write poems and songs. She was born in Gambia, Africa, and brought to Boston as a slave when she was a child, and became slave and companion to John Wheatley’s wife. As she grew older, John Wheatley’s wife viewed her as a feeble and brilliant girl who deserves to be educated and felt great affection toward her. Therefore, Susanna Wheatley’s daughters taught Phillis how to readRead MoreThe Colonization Of The Americas Became A Time Of Growth Of Independence And Religious Freedoms1524 Words   |  7 Pageslet alone religion. Africans rarely received any form of education. However, one enslaved African girl named Phillis Wheatley received an education from her owners, the Wheatley family. Through her education, she found and embraced Christianity. Using her education, she began writing poetry and publishing her works. Depicted in the poem On Being Brough t back from Africa to America† Wheatley used her privilege to situate herself between enslaved Africans and white colonists. She accomplishes this withinRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of Olaudah Equiano And Penry1531 Words   |  7 Pageswritten by Phillis Wheatley, a former slave who resided in Boston. The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano is a first person abolitionist slave narrative published in 1789 about Equiano’s experiences during the Transatlantic Slave trade retelling Equiano being forced from his home, the disparity from being moved from place to place, and his discovery of Christianity. While the series of poems written by Phillis Wheatley was created in the Revolutionary Era (1764-1789) during Phillis’ leisure timeRead MoreThe Beginning Of The 19th Century1520 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom, let alone religion. Africans rarely received any form of education. However, one enslaved African girl named Phillis Wheatley received an education fr om her owners, the Wheatley family. Through her education, she found and embraced Christianity and soon began writing poetry and publishing her works. Depicted in the poem On Being Brought back from Africa to America† Wheatley used her privilege to situate herself between enslaved Africans and white colonists. She accomplishes this within the

Essay about Limitless Linchpins The Success and Failure...

American foreign policy is a virtual jumble of ideologies, among which stands the concept of isolationism, an avoidance of global relations. From 1913 to 1937, the United States struggled with the question of to be or not to be, and presidents ranged from complete global disengagement to war declarations. However, although they all wrestled with the idea isolationism, not all presidents acted equally. Woodrow Wilson’s domestic success and idealistic foreign failure is a testament to the inequality, whilst Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in contrast, gradually emerged from the theory of isolationism as a worldwide political butterfly. The two chiefs in the center, Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge, presided over an isolated, stagnant period†¦show more content†¦He supported women’s suffrage and social programs, and he had excellent ideas for America’s future. In this way, Wilson was a success. However, his skill with his own nation is an underscore to his failure with the nations of the world. Initially, for example, Wilson objected to American entrance into WWI; he pushed the proposal away until it was unsafe to continue to do ignore it. Only when the American people felt legitimately threatened did he ask Congress to enter the war. To his credit, however, once Wilson committed to interventionism, he did not shy back. Wilson’s Fourteen Points, which aimed to create global unity with the new League of Nations, were his children. He refused to compromise on any of the disputed sections, despite threats from the legislature to fail the bill. Perhaps Wilson’s initial lethargy was due to some vision of his future, as the grand ideas that were so successful stateside failed to translate into the global arena. His idealism and intellectualism, seemingly advantageous traits, contributed to his ultimate legacy as an unsuccessful president. As a former university president, Wilson was an intellectual who studied political philosophy in order to form his grandiose opinions. While an intelligent and competent leader of the United States is necessary, he should also possess a connection to the people and a willingness to change. Wilson had neither of those qualities, as his isolationist policies

History of Oldtown Free Essays

1. 2 Brief explanation of the company’s history The  OldTown White Coffee,  OTWC  (Chinese:   ) is the largest  kopitiam  restaurant  chain in  Malaysia. Its main headquarters is in  Ipoh, Perak,  Malaysia. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Oldtown or any similar topic only for you Order Now Established in 1999, the co-founders and Executive Director, Mr. Goh Ching Mun and Mr. Tan Say Yap are the incorporation of White Cafe and provide quality white coffee to Malaysian households and the food services industry. It manufactures instant beverage mixes and products, in addition to operating over 180 cafe outlets throughout Malaysia and the region. With more than 10 years of experience in the coffee beverage industry, both of co-founders were instrumental in the growth of the Oldtown Group of companies. Next, Mr. Lee Siew Heng, Group of Managing Director who played a significant role in implementing the overall vision, strategy and development of the Oldtown Group is the one of support them to incorporation Oldtown Group. In 1999, they successfully to commercialize the instant 3-in-1 coffee mix under the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand name for the retail sector. By end of 2009 October, the â€Å"OLDTOWN† 3-in-1 instant coffee mix was sold in approximately 1,348 retail outlets nationwide in Malaysia, approximately 550 retail outlets in Singapore and approximately 2,100 retail outlet in Hong Kong. In 2000, the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand of 3-in-1 instant coffee mix is the first export to Singapore. In 2001, White Cafe marketing commenced operations as the marketing arm for the Group’s beverage products. During the same year, the product line is expanded and includes different variations of the instant coffee mix. In addition, instant coffee mix has also expanded export to Hong Kong markets. In year 2002, White Cafe obtained a HALAL certification from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the Group’s beverages. This is the part of OLDTOWN Group’s intentions, which is to produce the beverages in accordance with the Islamic law. In the same year, OLDTOWN Group’s have successfully expanded to nationwide retail distribution of 3-in-1 instant coffee mix to cover East and West Malaysia through major hypermarkets and supermarkets. In 2003, OLDTOWN Group’s have also successfully commercialized the new blend of 3-in-1 instant milk tea for the retail market under the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand name. In view of expanding OLDTOWN manufacturing activities, OLDTOWN Group’s incorporated Gongga Food in 2003 and commenced operations in 2004 manufacturing roasted coffee powder for the road services sector using the Group’s proprietary bean roasting process. OLDTOWN Group’s also distributed the roasted coffee powder to traditional coffee shops in Ipoh and other states in Malaysia. In addition to the food services sector, roasted coffee powder is also marketed to the retail sector under the â€Å"NANYANG† brand. In 2004, it also further penetrated the export markets for 3-in-1 instant coffee to cover the United States, Canada and United Kingdom and subsequently in 2005, Taiwan and Indonesia. In 2005, OLDTOWN Group’s expanded vertically into the food services sector by opening a chain of cafe outlets based on the traditional Ipoh coffee shop setting and ambience under the â€Å"OLTOWN WHITE COFFEE† brand name. This is part of the Group’s strategy of capitalizing and reinforcing on the â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† brand in the food services industry. In the same year, Kopitiam Asian Pacific commenced operations in the licensing, supply of food, beverages and other item, and provision of management services to â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† cafe outlet. Since the opening of the first â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† cafe outlet in Ipoh in 2005, the chain of cafe outlets have expanded to reach 137 cafe outlets in Malaysia and Singapore as at 31 October 2009. This included fully and partially owned, and franchised cafe outlets. In 2005 and 2006, OLDTOWN Group’s has established the subsidiaries namely as Old Town Kopitiam, Old Town Kopitam Butterworth, Old Town Kopitiam Kuala Lumpur, Old Town Kopitiam Cheras, Conneczone to focus on operating cafe outlets in different areas and states within Malaysia. To support the cafe outlet business operations, their established the following subsidiaries as central food processing centres between year 2005 and 2007:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emperor’s Kitchen commenced operations in 2005;  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Esquire Chef commenced operations in 2007;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dynasty Confectionery commenced operations in 2007. In 2005, Gongga Food’s business activities also expanded to cater to the procurement of food items for â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† cafe outlets. In the same year, Gongga Food also obtained a HALAL certification from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the production of its roasted coffee pow der. Furthermore, OLDTOWN Group’s has obtained a HACCP certification from BM TRADE Certification Ltd for the processing and manufacturing of beverage roducts. In 2006, the company also expanded the product export to Japan and China markets. In the same year, the company incorporated Dynasty Kitchen as a distribution centre, which commenced operations in 2007. During this year, group’s company also incorporated Oldtown Berhad, which will focus on investment holding and provision of management services pursuant to its listing on the Main Market of Bursa Securities. Subsequently the OLDTOWN Group’s also started exporting to Thailand and Philippines. In view of group’s company plans to expand more cafe outlet business operation to Singapore, OLDTOWN company also incorporated Oldtown Singapore in 2007 to provide management services, supply of food and beverage items to cafe outlets in Singapore. OTK Singapore commenced operations in 2008 with the launch of the first â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† cafe outlet in Singapore. In 2008, the company of Dynasty Confectionery and Esquire Chef obtained HALAL certifications from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the processing of various foods. On other food-processing subsidiary, Emperor’s Kitchen obtained HALAL certification from the IFRC ASIA. To further affirm, OLDTOWN Group’s adherence to international food safety standard and White Cafe achieved ISO 22000:2005 certification and ISO 9001:2000 from BM TRADA Certification in 2008 in addition to GMP certification by the Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia in the same year. Within 2008, OLDTOWN Group’s has expanded the product lines to include 3-in-1 instant coffee mix with cane sugar. In 2009, Gongga Food obtained a HACCP certification from BM TRADA Certification Ltd for the production of roasted coffee powder. OldTown White Coffee now exports its instant beverage mixes to more than 10 countries worldwide and plans to expand its cafe outlet network in the region. The group has an extensive chain of cafes in Malaysia via 194 outlets as of end Nov 2011, and also operates a few outlets that are open 24/7 in certain areas. This tally includes fully and partially owned outlets, franchise outlets and licensed outlets. How to cite History of Oldtown, Papers

Themes of nightmare before christmas Essay Example For Students

Themes of nightmare before christmas Essay Twas a long time ago, longer now than it seems, in a place perhaps youve seen in your dreams. For the story youre about to be told began with the holiday worlds of old. Now youve probably wondered where holidays come from. If you havent Id say its time you begun, for the holidays are the result of much fuss and hard work for the worlds that create them for us. Well, you see now, quite simply, thats all that they do, making one unique holiday especially for you. But once a calamity ever so great occurred when two holidays met by mistake. We will write a custom essay on Themes of nightmare before christmas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Just in time for Halloween comes the re-release of The Nightmare Before Christmas, director Tim Burtons twisted take on those animated television specials that show up around the holiday season, such as Santa Claus is Coming to Town or Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer. Originally released in 1993, The Nightmare Before Christmas is a marvel of animation that took stop-action director Henry Selick (who later did James and the Giant Peach) over three years of painstaking effort to complete. Even seven years later, after audiences have become long-accustomed to the advances in computer graphics, this animated classic is still a technical marvel, with its attention to detail and complexity in both movement and interaction. However, what I found most surprising about Tim Burtons masterpiece was how it eloquently illustrated a number of MBA concepts, such as leadership, change management, business model re-engineering, and core competency. In the world of The Nightmare Before Christmas, every major holiday has its own town, where its denizens spend the entire year preparing for their one day to shine. In Halloweentown, Jack Skellington (voiced by Chris Sarandon of Bordello of Blood, sung by composer Danny Elfman), the so-called Pumpkin King, has faithfully guided the citizens in organizing the festivities for their annual Halloween parade. However, after years of dedicated service, Jack finds himself bored with the old routine, and yearns for something completely different. Depressed, he wanders into the woods where he stumbles onto a doorway into Christmastown. Whats this? Theyre busy throwing snowballs instead of throwing heads. It is here that he finds himself inspired by the sights and sounds of Christmas, a magical place built around festivity instead of fear. Driven by his good intentions and ambition, Jack returns home to spread the word about his amazing discovery. He then devotes all the resources of Halloweentown into taking over the Christmas holiday, which includes making a number of improvements (which are quite hilarious when they are unleashed on the good girls and boys of the world) and usurping Sandy Claws in the annual sleigh ride. However, not everyone in Halloween town agrees with the new strategic direction. Sally (voiced by Catherine OHara, seen recently in Best in Show), a Frankenstein-like creation who also holds a torch for Jack, has a bad feeling about the plan and tries to warn him of the danger, but to no avail. Not surprisingly, despite his best intentions, Jacks plan ends up almost ruining Christmas. If you have seen enough Disney animated musicals or those claymation animated Christmas specials, you will probably be delighted by what The Nightmare Before Christmas has to offer. The overall framework is the same, with dozens of cute characters breaking out into song as the story unfolds. However, given that the story is based on ideas and characters from Tim Burton (whose dark and unconventional portfolio includes the likes of Edward Scissorhands, Batman, and Beetlejuice), you can certainly expect a macabre twist to the proceedings. Guillotines, severed heads, vampires, spiders, and all sorts of Halloween standards are present, though it never gets gory or frightening call it cartoon horror. .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .postImageUrl , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:hover , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:visited , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:active { border:0!important; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:active , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mulholland Drive: Camera and sound EssayThe animation itself is a technical marvel. The characters are incredibly expressive (apparently, the character of Jack had 150 interchangeable heads to get the entire range of emotion needed), and their graceful movements make it easy to forget that it was shot with traditional stop-action techniques. The attention to detail is also evident in the showcase scenes, where there are hundreds of individually animated elements on the screen, such as the opening Halloween parade and the over-the-top dance of the Oogey-Boogey Man (voiced by Ken Page of All Dogs Go to Heaven). Attacked by Christmas toys? Thats strange thats the second toy complaint weve had. However, what is most impressive about The Nightmare Before Christmas is the extensive subtext of business management concepts contained within the script. Throughout the years, Ive come across a number of films that can be used to demonstrate business management concepts in action. For example, Apollo 13 is an excellent illustration of teaming, while both The Horse Whisperer and Pleasantville expound a number of change management concepts. What makes The Nightmare Before Christmas so unique is how many concepts it touches on within its 76-minute running time. Jacks attempt to redefine Halloweentowns business model (i.e. take over the Christmas holiday) falters due to three key failings: lack of attention to change management, weak leadership, and a poor understanding of Halloweentowns core competency. After getting religion from his visit to Christmastown, Jack develops a vision for taking over the holiday and making improvements. Unfortunately, he does not effectively communicate this vision to the citizens of Halloweentown, since it requires a complete paradigm shift to fully comprehend it. The citizens of Halloweentown are used to fashioning products and services that are grotesque, scary, and fatal, and their entire corporate culture has been shaped around this core competency. Thus, Jack finds difficulty in explaining joy, cheer, and goodwill towards all men, since these are alien concepts. However, Jack finds success when he is able to explain it in terms they are used to, such as referring to the head of Christmastown as Sandy Claws. Unfortunately, the result is poor comprehension of what the new strategic direction is all about, and Jacks followers end up applying concepts of the old Halloween business model in order to implement Christmas. In addition, Jack does not properly establish forums for his followers to provide feedback or input on the new strategic direction, and as a result, Sallys concerns are never raised. Jack may certainly have garnered agreement, but he has not truly secured their buy-in. Furthermore, as plans get underway, Jack ends up delegating all activities to his followers without any sort of governance process in place, thereby losing sight of the day-to-day operations. It is not until too late (when Christmas is actually in production) that Jack realizes that the projects undertaken by his followers have strayed quite a bit from his original vision. It is then that Jack learns that simply announcing a new strategic direction is not enough. To be truly successful, he needs to instill a new culture in his organization, understand the core competency of his organization and how it must evolve to support the new business model, guide and educate his followers into the required new mode of thinking, establish two-way communication between management and staff throughout the entire change process, and establish procedures to ensure that all activities are aligned with the new strategic direction. Unfortunately, the business world is littered with stories like Jacks, such as the dime-a-dozen dot-com retailers that imploded last year in the fourth quarter (now theres a nightmare before Christmas!)Even if you dont buy into the MBA interpretation of the story, The Nightmare Before Christmas is still a remarkable animated film that is sure to delight and entertain children and adults alike. Built on the familiar foundation of the animated musical, The Nightmare Before Christmas takes the art form in a new and unexpected direction, creating a magical bounty for the eyes, the heart, and the intellect. .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .postImageUrl , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:hover , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:visited , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:active { border:0!important; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:active , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sony Corporation: Globalization Meets Localization Sample EssayBibliography:

Discrimination Of Black Minority Youth Groups In Uk The WritePass Journal

Discrimination Of Black Minority Youth Groups In Uk Abstract Discrimination Of Black Minority Youth Groups In Uk ). In 2009, 44% of the minority ethnic students attended post-1992 universities and only 8% joined Russel Group Universities (Runnymede Trust 2012). On the other hand, a large proportion of the white students attended prestigious universities. Unlike the black students, a vast majority of the white students (24%) joined Russell Group Universities (Runnymede Trust 2012). These trends have significant implications on the earnings and employment prospects of the black minority graduate students. The media also seems to contribute to their discrimination. Media is known to make vast exaggerations and sensationalizing events surrounding black youth crime, attaching a level of drama to make it newsworthy (Okoronkwo 2008). As noted by Dorfman (2001), 86% of white homicides are caused by the Caucasians yet only the least frequent killings-homicides that involve the black youth receive the most coverage. The recent 2007 killings of Kodjo Yenga and Adam Regis received vast coverage, with the media depicting the black community as highly dangerous (Okoronkwo 2008). The two deaths were central to the media reporting on the rise of knife and gun crime amongst the black community (Okoronkwo 2008). But is crime really that bad amongst the black community compared to the white? Is media portrayal of the black youth crime in the UK exaggerated? Moreover, is the moral panic really justified? Black youths are also to blame The problem facing most of the black youth in the UK has loomed largely not only in media but also in academic research with many researchers highlighting the moral panic about drug dealing, rioting, mugging and knife and gun violence among others (Gunter 2010). However, this does not mean that the black youth groups are totally blameless. Whilst it is true that they are increasingly marginalized in many areas, it is also true that some of the black youth are influenced by popular youth cultures associated with the development of aggressive behaviours and those that perpetuate black stereotypes (Simpson 2012). A considerable proportion of them appear to perpetuate the black stereotype through their ignorance and idleness (Simpson 2012). Some appear to be driven by celebrity glamour, demanding materialistic gratification without putting any effort to achieve such success (Simpson 2012).   Some of them prefer spending their money and time on material goods rather than their vocational courses (Simpson 2012). Others appear to chase a get-rich-quick scheme and those that try to seek employment are often quick to lose hope at the first failure (Simpson 2012). But of course, this is by no means limited to the black youth. This is also evident in the white and Asian youth groups. Overall, the black youths appear to be marginalized in the various areas discussed above. There is need for anti-oppressive practice to address the discrimination of black youths in the UK. Part 2: How anti-oppressive practice can address the discrimination of black youths in UK As defined by Dalrymple (2006), anti-oppressive practice involves recognizing the power imbalances and working towards promotion of change to redress the balance of power and to challenge the wider injustices in the society. Anti-oppressive practice is based on the recognition that: Society creates divisions based on gender, sexual orientation, race, identity and class (Wood Hine 2009) Some groups of people are believed to be more superior than others (Wood Hine 2009) Such beliefs are deeply embedded within institutional structures (Wood Hine 2009) In order to understand the workings of oppression, it is important to understand the different levels at which it occurs. This is reflected in Thompsons PCS model, which views oppression and discrimination as occurring at three different levels: personal level, structural level and cultural level (Penhale 2008). The personal level relates to personal thoughts, attitudes, feelings and actions (Penhale 2008). At this level, individuals form and share their own beliefs and values. The ideals at this level are mainly based on personal experiences (Penhale 2008). The cultural level relates to the commonalities or shared values (Penhale 2008). That is, the assumed consensus of what is good or bad and what is considered to be normal. The structural level is where systematic discrimination becomes institutionalized. At this level, oppression and discrimination are ‘sewn into the fabric of society through structures and institutions such as the media and the government (Penhale 2008). The three levels interact to create and re-create patterns of discrimination as seen in figure 1. Fig.1 Thompson’s PCS model (Penhale 2008). In this case, at the personal level, the direct discrimination of black youths is evident where they are stopped and searched by the police severely compared to their white counterparts. This implies that the police view the black youth as potentially dangerous individuals because of their colour. Such beliefs and attitudes serve as breeding grounds for racial discrimination. Anti-oppressive practices must thus address the disproportionate use of controversial stop and search powers in the UK. At the cultural level, we examine where the views come from. That is, the shared assumptions that are made about the black youths in the UK which contribute to their discrimination. This equally needs to be addressed by anti-oppressive practices. One way to address discrimination at the cultural levels is through the provision of diversity and cultural awareness training (Dominelli 2002). The black youths are also discriminated against at the structural level through media portrayal of the Black and Ethnic Minority groups as highly dangerous. In addressing such kind of discrimination, it is worth assessing whether media’s sensationalisation of events surrounding black youth crime is justified or whether the media attaches a level of drama just to make it newsworthy. It is clear from above that the three different levels must be taken into account in order for anti-oppressive practice to effectively address issues of discrimination. However, an important progress seems to have been made in addressing the discrimination of black minority groups. For example, in recognition of their over-representation within the youth justice system, an audit and planning process was initiated by Youth Justice Board (YJB) in 2004 (YJB 2004). The action plan required that the differences between ethnic composition of offenders in pre-court and post-court disposals be reduced (YJB 2004). This initiative was meant to address the issue of overrepresentation of the black minority groups in the juvenile justice system, hence improving confidence in UK youth justice system. The black minority ethnic groups have also benefited from affirmative action policies which have increased their opportunities for employment in areas that have in the past been closed to them (Herron 2010). Such policies take into consideration factors such as colour, race, religion, gender and national origin in order to benefit a group that is underrepresented in areas of employment, business and education (Leonard 1990). In this case, the policies ensure that the black minority ethnic groups are equally represented and included in government programs. The affirmative actions are implemented in pursuit of equality by ensuring that the black minority ethnic groups are also afforded preferential treatment under law especially in areas of employment, business and education (Herron 2010). Another anti-oppressive practice which has contributed towards combating discrimination in the UK is the provision of diversity and cultural awareness training. The provision of such training programs in institutional structures helps promote equality for everyone regardless of their identity, gender, national origin, race and colour (Darlymple 2006). Such initiatives indeed contribute to youth work values through their commitment to equal opportunity. Extensive research has also been conducted to identify the various areas where the black youth continue to be marginalized. However, there is need for research to move beyond the quantitative phase and instead focus on anti-oppressive practices for combating factors that result in the differential treatment of young people (Darlymple 2006). With regard to educational attainment, there is need to develop innovative practices for combating the lower educational attainment of the black minority ethnic groups and their exclusion from prestigious universities. There is also the need to extend the Race Relations (Amendment Act) 2000 to cover the private sector as well. The act requires all public authorities to carry out their functions in a manner that eliminates racial discrimination and promotes equal opportunities and good relations among the different races (CRE 2012). Employers in the public sector are required to assess the impact of their policies on recruitment of the different racial groups. Similarly, public schools and institutions are required by the Act to assess the impact of their policies on students, parents and staff from different races (CRE 2012). Whilst this policy plays a major role in the fight against racial discrimination, there is need to extend the Act to cover the private sector as well. Additionally, youth settings can develop schemes for ethnic minority monitoring. Sometimes a great deal of ethnic disadvantage especially in the private sector may be unintentional and may not be immediately recognized by senior management (Wood et al. 2009). Monitoring schemes can help identify such issues that remain largely unrecognized and inform institutional arrangements such as schools and organizations to address the weakness identified (Wood et al. 2009). Clearly, more work need to be done on anti-oppressive practices and policy interventions in order to effectively address the discrimination of black minority youth groups in UK. Part 3: Anti-oppressive practice key to understanding the notion of self.   An important aspect to addressing the issue of discrimination is self-awareness. In other words, understanding how own self can contribute towards inequality and discrimination. As argued by Dominelli (2002), reflexivity and self-knowledge form the bedrock upon which anti-oppressive practitioners can build their interventions. The process of reflecting thus forms a core part of working in an anti-oppressive way. We live in a world with potentially contradictory identities and for us to co-exist in harmony, we must understand and appreciate the various aspects that shape and inform our identities. Practicing equality thus requires the need to identify and understand own self, recognize the differences between self and others, and to value the differences. It should be remembered that many aspects define our identities and determine how we view people and how others view us (Moore 2003). Factors such as our race, religion, values and beliefs shape our identities and differentiate us from others. In many of these factors, we tend to have little control and they enter our practice without our awareness (Moore 2003). Practicing equality requires that we value our differences as opposed to settling for a clone of oneself through demanding uniform conformity in others (Dominell 2002). Unless we follow this path, our reactions to difference would remain one that involves control or domination of others (Dominell 2002). The casting of people in a subordinate status based on the actual or perceived differences is central to the process of othering them, which denies hem their fundamental human rights (Dominell 2002). The politics of identity construction thus plays an important role in confronting oppression and addressing issues of discrimination (Dominell 2002). Practitioners must be aware of the social divisions that occur within the society and the nature of their interaction (Dominell 2002). Anti-oppressive practice require that we value our differences and develop an understanding of the other persons identity and position while at the same time reflecting on the privileged nature of our own (Dominell 2002). The understanding of oneself is important in order to effectively engage with the others (Donell 2002).   As such anti-oppressive practices, is key to understanding the notion of self. It challenges many own social norms and sharpens own senses towards issues of oppressions and discrimination (Dominell 2002).   Conclusion It is clear from above that the black youths in the UK are still marginalized in many aspects. The young black and ethnic minority groups feature in any description of social discrimination and alienation; and are often seen as suffering in measures of poverty, underachievement in education, mental illness, exclusions from schools, unemployment and overrepresentation in youth justice systems. To effectively address the discrimination of black youths in UK, anti-oppressive practices must take into account the three levels at which discrimination occurs: personal, cultural and institutional. There is also need for research to move beyond the quantitative phase and to focus on interventions and policy initiatives that can help combat discrimination and oppression of marginalized groups in UK. There is also the need to reflect on self and examine the impact that we may have on others. Knowing oneself better equips a person to build interventions to address the issues of oppression and discrimination Reference Ball, J., Bowcott, O., Rogers, S., 2011. Race variation in jail sentences, study suggests. The Guardian Barn, R., 2001. Black youth on the margins: a research review. Joseph Rowntree Foundation Commission for Race Equality (CRE), 2012. Ethnic monitoring: a guide for public authorities. Commission for Race Equality Dalrymple, J., 2006. Anti-oppressive practice: social care and the law. McGraw-Hill International Dominelli, L., 2002. Anti-oppressive social work: theory and practice. Basingtoke, Palgrave Macmillan. Dorfman, L., 2001. Youth, Race Crime in the News [Online]. Available at: www.buildingblocksforyouth.org [Accessed on 5th May 2013]. Dumbrill, G., 2009. Anti-oppression in child welfare: laying the foundation for change. The Child Welfare Anti-Oppression Roundtable Gunter, A., 2010. Growing up bad? Black youth, Road culture and Badness in an East London Neighbourhood. The Tufnell Press Herron, R.C., 2010. Superficially similar but fundamentally different: a comparative analysis of US and UK affirmative action, Durham University Leonard, J.S., 1990. ‘The impact of affirmative action regulation and equal employment law on black employment’. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.4 (4), pp.47-63 May, T., Gyateng, T. and Hough, M., 2010. Differential treatment in the Youth Justice System. Institute for Criminal Policy Research Kings College London. Moore, P., 2003. Critical components of an anti-oppressive framework.   The International Childe and Youth Care Network. Okoronkwo, N.N., 2008. The phenomenon of black youth crime and how black youths are portrayed in the media in the United Kingdom: whether the portrayal can be considered exaggerated, or if the moral panic is in some way justified?   International Journal of Criminology Penhale, B., 2008. Working with vulnerable adults. Routledge publishers Runnymede Trust, 2011. Black students half as likely to achieve the English Baccalaureate runnymedetrust.org/uploads/EnglishBacpressrelease.pdf [accessed 5th May 2013] Runnymede Trust, 2012. Work and Pensions Committee youth unemployment and the youth contract. Runnymede Trust. [viewed on 9th May 2013] available from publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmworpen/151/151we14.htm Simpson, A., 2012. Black youth: luckless or lazy? The Voice TUC report, 2012. Youth unemployment and ethnicity. TUC Verkaik, R., 2010. Black and Asian youths still victims of rough justice. The Independent. Wood, J.J. and Hine, J., 2009. Work with young people: theory and policy for practice. Sage publications Wood, M., Hales, J., Purdon, S., Sejersen, T. and Hayllar, O., 2009. A test for racial discrimination in recruitment practice in British cities. National Centre for Social Research. Wortley, S. and Tanner, J., 2008. Discrimination or good policing? The racial profiling debate in Canada. Centre for excellence on Research on immigration and settlement (CERIS) . Youth Justice Board (YJB), 2004. Differences or discrimination? Youth Justice Board Youth Justice Board, 2010. Exploring the needs of young Black and Minority Ethnic offenders and the provision of targeted interventions. Youth Justice Board

Examples of Arrangement in Composition

Examples of Arrangement in Composition In rhetoric and composition, arrangement refers to the parts of a speech or, more broadly, the structure of a text. Arrangement (also called disposition) is one of the five traditional canons or subdivisions of classical rhetorical training. Also known as  dispositio, taxis, and organization. In classical rhetoric, students were taught the parts of an oration. Though rhetoricians did not always agree on the number of parts, Cicero and Quintilian identified these six: the exordium, the narrative (or narration), the partition (or division), the confirmation, the refutation, and the peroration. Arrangement was known as taxis in Greek and dispositio in Latin. Examples and Observations Aristotle states that...the very nature of rhetoric requires at least four components: an exordium, or introduction (prooimion), an advanced thesis (prothesis), proofs (pisteis), and a conclusion (epilogos).(Richard Leo Enos, Traditional Arrangement. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, 2001)In A Rhetoric of Motives (1950), Kenneth Burke summarized the classical position on arrangement as rhetorical form in the large involving the following: a progression of steps that begins with an exordium designed to secure the goodwill of ones audience, next states ones position, then points up the nature of the dispute, then builds up ones own case at length, then refutes the claims of the adversary, and in a final peroration expands and reinforces all points in ones favor while seeking to discredit whatever had favored the adversary. Declining Interest in Arrangement In the place of the old rhetorics formulaic arrangement, the new rhetoric [of the 18th century] advised an arrangement that reflected the flow of thought itself. By the nineteenth century, the classical rhetorical tradition was pretty much adrift- although Richard Whately made an heroic effort to salvage it. As writing pedagogy abandoned prescribed techniques for invention, arrangement, and style (memory and delivery were already sinking as writing displaced oral literacy), teachers increasingly focused on grammar and surface features. How the student was supposed to create an essay was a mystery- as all writing came to be seen as the result of inspiration. Teaching the structure of the classical oration certainly made little sense because the form of a piece of writing should be determined by the reality the writer aimed to convey, not some static pre-ordained formula.(Steven Lynn, Rhetoric and Composition: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Arrangement in Modern Media Modern mass media...present special complications to the study of arrangement because the sequencing of information and arguments, the order in which certain appeals reach an audience, is very difficult to predict...Saturation and sheer quantity of exposure to a message given in single bursts may count for more than the interrelationships of parts of a single message achieved by its carefully crafted arrangement.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Modern Arrangement. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, 2001)

Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Companies Essay

Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Companies - Essay Example In the case of a domestic airline, southwest airline has performed well and survived adverse effects on airline business like terrorism and inflation in the fuel prices. Similarly, the German based Lufthansa has operated internationally and maintained a good market share hence posing good financial performance (Lufthansa Consulting, 2011). The two firms recognized the need of improving the quality of their products while keeping their costs low to become more competitive. The two companies are in the airline industry and pursue strategies to improve the quality of their services. In the airline industry, the domestic and global organizations are interrelated and affected by similar environmental factors. To survive in the US domestic industry, southwest airline has engaged in restructuring and focusing on the customer service. The company believes that the satisfaction of customers is instrumental in gaining positive performance. At the same time, Lufthansa has restructured and enter ed into strong alliances that would allow the company be robust in the airline business (Lufthansa Consulting, 2011). ... For Lufthansa, their wide range of services focuses on quality and safety of their customers. This has been achieved by adhering to the set regulations and standards. Likewise, southwest airline mission is clearly hinged on the maintaining quality by adhering to the regulations set by the US authorities. The two organizations have entrenched in all the procedures and decisions of the firms. The first stage in the process is a well-defined mission and vision statement that demands employees to remain answerable to the company. This has also been integrated in the company strategic objectives of demanding commitment to law and procedure adherence. The second process for both the companies is the aligning the company acquisition and strategic alliances to achieve organizational order and efficiencies. The two firms evaluate strategic alliances and undertake evaluations to determine feasibility and profitability of the actions keeping in consideration the safety and demands of their cust omers. The businesses consider the health of their workers and customers essential for the smooth operation of the businesses. The obligation to make their stakeholders safe is not just, because it is a legal requirement but because the businesses consider it as a social responsibility (Southwest Airlines Co., 2011). Finally, the two companies have a similar procedure I their staff training and development. They believe that for success to be realized in the business the companies must have a staff capable of executing perfectly and in a timely manner, the chosen courses of actions. Both southwest airline and Lufthansa in its international operation trains its employees to improve the quality of

American Born Chinese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Born Chinese - Essay Example They are intended to change the whole viewpoint that the readers have about that particular scenario. These writings are always radical in nature and tend to convince the reader to see things from the same viewpoint. One such text is American Born Chinese, a 2008 graphic novel by Gene Luen Yang and Lark Pien that contains a great deal of protest. It can be easily noticed in the plot development of the story, and this will be the basis of discussion in this paper. The story begins with the monkeys hanging on the trees; generally, one would say that this is the nature of monkeys. They are supposed to live on trees. However, according to Yang, there is one monkey, the king of monkeys that has ruled the other monkeys for many years. At this time, he has mastered the ways of the gods; these ways are the eight Kung-fu disciplines. As a result of his reaching, he yearns to leave the monkeys behind and join the ranks of the gods. This is the first act of protest that we encounter. One could comfortably say that it is part of monkeys’ nature to stay on trees and behave like any other animal (Yang 4). However, here we encounter a monkey that wants to protest against all that and elevate itself to another level. It wants to behave like a god. In addition to this, the monkey wants to protest against the true nature of the monkeys by passing a rule that all monkeys must wear shoes just like human beings. This is another protest because generally, monkeys and all other animals do not wear shoes. For the monkeys, this would even make their life harder since they cannot climb trees while wearing shoes. The monkey becomes arrogant to other gods when he starts to demand that he should be treated like an equal. The leader of the gods, Tze-Yo-Tzuh, tells him, ‘you are what I created you to be.’ Tze-Yo-Tzuh further tells him that he made him from the rock (Yang 7). The monkey challenges the gods’ king to prove this and tries to run away, but the king catc hes him. After learning that he cannot change who he is, he still refuses to repent, and the king of the gods buries him under a mountain rock till a time when he realizes and accepts who he is. Here, Yang tries to prove that when we try to be different persons from what we are we will only end up hurting ourselves. Another protest that we encounter in this comical novel arises from a character, Jin Wang. At this point, Yang introduces us to a boy born of immigrant parents in the United States. His life in the states is virtually peaceful; however, when his family moves from San Francisco to a white dominated suburban region, his life changes. He finds that he is the only Chinese in the whole school, and this fact makes him a subject to the prejudice (Yang 31). This is the point where he begins protesting against his culture. He constantly has to tell the other children in the school that he was born in America, and that his family does not eat dogs. Yang, at this point exhibits ano ther protest, which is against his culture. Jin Wang does not want to be associated with the Chinese way of life yet this is his culture (Yang 31). Jin Wang struggles to fit in his white peers’ way of life in every aspect. He even eats sandwiches (Yang 37), food that is not common for his culture. Jin struggles to be like the whites even when he is not in the school environment. This is evident in the conversation that he has with an old lady about being what he wants to be. The lady replies by telling him, ‘

House On Mango :: essays research papers

Esperanza Cordero is a very troubled patient of mine. Her family lives at poverty level, because the father is a gardener and her mother is a housewife, and has moved around many times in these early years of Esperanza’s life. Esperanza is very ashamed of things, depressed, but yet she is a very intelligent and caring young girl. She has gone through many terrifying and disturbing experiences in her life. She has been raped, her aunt died, her father getting devastated over her grandfather’s death, and she has not yet formed any friendships with other kids. Her house is in the slums of the town. The Cordero family consists of Rita (mom), Paco (father), Esperanza, Carlos, Kiki, and Nenny. The combined household income is at the poverty level with no hopes of that changing in the near future. They have moved from Paulina, to Keeler, to Loomis, and to Mango Street in the first six years of Esperanza’s life (3). The homes she has lived in were all run down apartments with very little amenities. Now her family lives in a run down house on Mango Street, but most likely the best place they have ever lived. Esperanza had to get a job in order to go to a private Catholic high school. Catholics do not attend public high schools. Also Esperanza’s father said, â€Å"Nobody went to public school unless you wanted to turn out bad.† (53). Esperanza’s job was at a photo shop that her Aunt had once worked at. At the photo shop she matched the negatives with the photos. She also has not been able to keep friends because of her constant moving around. Esperanza is very ashamed about many things such as her name, which means â€Å"too many letters† in Spanish and â€Å"hope† in English. People make fun of her name, and she thinks it sounds like something from a Mexican song that her father plays while he shaves (10). She is ashamed about her house because it is so run down and has a poor appearance, but it looks like all the other houses in the vicinity. People who come to her neighborhood want to leave because it frightens them by being so run down and dirty (28). The final thing she is ashamed of is not having money to pay for school and her having to get a job to go to high school.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

The Theme of Games in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The theme of games plays a very important role in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In fact, much of the action that takes place in this story revolves around the playing of various â€Å"games. † When one thinks of the word â€Å"games,† there are several thoughts that may come to mind. Sports, board games, and card games are all types of games that society today might be familiar with. The author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight uses different kinds of games than the ones mentioned above.In the time of Sir Arthur and his court, the word â€Å"game† wasn’t as strongly associated with something pleasurable as it was meant to test one’s worthiness. When the Green Knight enters Arthur’s court and announces that he has come to ask â€Å" a Christmas game,† he has not come to play cards or scrabble, but instead has come to test the worthiness of someone in the court. â€Å"The â€Å" game† of exchanging gifts was very common in Germanic culture. If a man received a gift, he was obliged to provide the giver with a better gift or risk losing his honor, almost like an exchange of blows in a fight, or in a â€Å"beheading game† (Harwood).Many other games are involved in the plot of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Throughout the third section of the poem for example, we see Gawain's host's wife play games with Gawain. Gawain views his arrangement of trading with his host as a game (line 1380). Even from the beginning, the Knight plays a game of sorts with Arthur’s court by criticizing and almost taunting the court for failing to live up to its reputation:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"What, is this Arthur's house,† said that horseman then, â€Å"Whose fame is so fair in far realms and wide? Where is now your arrogance and your awesome deeds, our valor and your victories and your vaunting words? † (lines 308-311) Eventually the reader discovers all of t he events of the story are a game of Arthur's sister, Morgan Le Fay. Throughout the telling of the story it becomes evident that the author is playing a game with the mind of the reader. This essay will explore the theme of games in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight as well as how they might be connected. The foundation of the entire plot of the story begins with the â€Å"Christmas game† that the Green Knight has come to play with Arthur’s court. The court initially believes hat the mysterious knight has come for â€Å"contest bare† (line 277). When the Green Knight reveals that he will exchange one blow for another, it seems like it would be an easy victory for an opponent, seeing that no one expects the knight to survive after being beheaded with his own axe. Surprisingly, the knight picks up his severed head and leaves. This severely heightens the seriousness of Gawain's promise to let the knight have a blow at his own head in exactly one year. Arthur clearly downplays the importance of this promise, saying, â€Å"Now, sir, hang up your axe, and return to the feast† (Line 477).Arthur clearly tries to write off the importance of the contest before Gawain beheads the knight with his own axe, as if he foresees Gawain's eventual success: â€Å"Keep, cousin,† said the king, â€Å"what you cut with this day And if you rule it aright, then readily, I know, You shall stand the stroke it will strike after† (Lines 371-374). While neither Gawain nor the reader is aware of the game that is already occurring throughout the plot of the poem, this same game continues to unfold as Gawain arrives at the castle on Christmas Eve.Bercilak, who plays â€Å"host† to Gawain, continues to trick Gawain by not revealing that he is the Green Knight from Arthur's castle. He allows Gawain to stay at his castle, on the condition that anything acquired throughout the day as a result of staying there would be given to Bercilak as a gift. In return, anything that Bercilak acquired while hunting would be gifted to Gawain. We see another representation of Games within hunting, as hunting is sometimes viewed as a game in itself.Gawain sees this mutual exchange of things won over the course of the day as a game, although Bercilak describes this arrangement as a â€Å"covenant† (Line 1384). It also becomes apparent that the hosts’ wife is playing her own games with Gawain by sneaking into his quarters and trying to seduce him. It is at this point in the story in which Gawain breaks a major rule of the game by not telling Bercilak about the girdle, which supposedly holds magical powers that would prevent any harm from coming to Gawain.Gawain does not fail because he accepts the girdle, but rather because he fails to gift the girdle to Bercilak as something won throughout the course of the day. Since Gawain believes that the girdle would give him the power to survive the blow of the Green Knights’ axe, he fails to hand over his relic to his host. Before Gawain goes to bed on this third night of his stay, Bercilak reminds Gawain, â€Å"Every promise on my part shall be fully performed† (Line 1970).This is a hint to the reader that the host is already aware of the fact that Gawain decided not to share this girdle that was gifted to him. When Gawain finally leaves the castle and finds the Green Knight waiting to hold up his end of the bargain, the Green knight continues to play games with Gawain by â€Å"teasing† him with the axe. He stops at first after Gawain flinches and taunts him for moving. Once Gawain remains still and the Knight deals his blow, only scratching the neck of Gawain, the Green Knight reveals his true identity, as well as the identity of Morgan Le Fay.It is at this point the reader realizes that almost everything that has happened up to this point is just a part of an elaborate game. This game was designed at the hands of Morgan Le Fay to teach Gawain, as well as the other knights of Arthurs’ court, that even the most noble of knights are human and subject to failure at the hands of temptation. As Gawain returns still wearing the green girdle around his arm, it is evident that this game has also taught him another valuable lesson: the lesson of humility (Bennett).Gawain returns to Arthur’s court, still wearing the girdle in shame as a reminder to always follow the rules of the game. After Sir Gawain shares his tales of deceit and trickery, the other knights deem it appropriate to also wear green sashes as a reminder of the adventure that Gawain had. Finally, there are at least two more games that the author plays with the reader throughout Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The first and most obvious game is the fact that the author hides important information from the reader until the end, and then reveals this information.Such information includes but is not limited to the host's true identity, the reason for the â⠂¬Å"Christmas game,† and the fact that Gawain’s aunt, Morgan Le Fay, originated the game. While concealing this information is critical to the progression of the story, it still represents a more subtle game that is being played by the author. â€Å"A much more subtle game played by the author, however, is the way that the author sneaks moral instruction into a poem which, up until about the last three hundred lines, is almost purely entertainment†(Putter).The author clearly expresses to the reader that even Gawain, the noblest of knights, is human and subject to failings. Whether in the fourteenth century or today, the author’s message holds significant meaning. It is apparent that we are in fact all human, and at some point or another, subject to some type of failure. I believe that this is the message that the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight wanted to pass along to the reader. In conclusion, the theme of games is demonstrated in many different ways throughout Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.It is seen in the actions of the Green Knight and Morgan Le Fay towards Gawain. It is also evident that similar games are played between the author and the reader. All of these games tie together significantly to reveal what I believe is the key message of this poem: Regardless of social status, we are all human, we are all subject to temptation, and most importantly, we are all, at some point, almost certainly subject to failure. Works Cited 1. Harwood, Britton J. Gawain and the Gift,† PMLA 106. 3 (1991) pp. 483–99. 2. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Sixth Edition, Volume One. General Ed. M. H. Abrams. New York: Norton, 1993. 3. Bennett, Michael J. â€Å"The Historical Background† in A Companion to the Gawain-Poet. Derek Brewer and Jonathan Gibson, editors. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1997. pp. 71-90 4. Putter, Ad. An Introduction to the Gawain-poet. New York: Addison We sley Longman, 1996. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The Theme of Games in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The theme of games plays a very important role in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In fact, much of the action that takes place in this story revolves around the playing of various â€Å"games. † When one thinks of the word â€Å"games,† there are several thoughts that may come to mind. Sports, board games, and card games are all types of games that society today might be familiar with. The author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight uses different kinds of games than the ones mentioned above.In the time of Sir Arthur and his court, the word â€Å"game† wasn’t as strongly associated with something pleasurable as it was meant to test one’s worthiness. When the Green Knight enters Arthur’s court and announces that he has come to ask â€Å" a Christmas game,† he has not come to play cards or scrabble, but instead has come to test the worthiness of someone in the court. â€Å"The â€Å" game† of exchanging gifts was very common in Germanic culture. If a man received a gift, he was obliged to provide the giver with a better gift or risk losing his honor, almost like an exchange of blows in a fight, or in a â€Å"beheading game† (Harwood).Many other games are involved in the plot of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Throughout the third section of the poem for example, we see Gawain's host's wife play games with Gawain. Gawain views his arrangement of trading with his host as a game (line 1380). Even from the beginning, the Knight plays a game of sorts with Arthur’s court by criticizing and almost taunting the court for failing to live up to its reputation:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"What, is this Arthur's house,† said that horseman then, â€Å"Whose fame is so fair in far realms and wide? Where is now your arrogance and your awesome deeds, our valor and your victories and your vaunting words? † (lines 308-311) Eventually the reader discovers all of t he events of the story are a game of Arthur's sister, Morgan Le Fay. Throughout the telling of the story it becomes evident that the author is playing a game with the mind of the reader. This essay will explore the theme of games in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight as well as how they might be connected. The foundation of the entire plot of the story begins with the â€Å"Christmas game† that the Green Knight has come to play with Arthur’s court. The court initially believes hat the mysterious knight has come for â€Å"contest bare† (line 277). When the Green Knight reveals that he will exchange one blow for another, it seems like it would be an easy victory for an opponent, seeing that no one expects the knight to survive after being beheaded with his own axe. Surprisingly, the knight picks up his severed head and leaves. This severely heightens the seriousness of Gawain's promise to let the knight have a blow at his own head in exactly one year. Arthur clearly downplays the importance of this promise, saying, â€Å"Now, sir, hang up your axe, and return to the feast† (Line 477).Arthur clearly tries to write off the importance of the contest before Gawain beheads the knight with his own axe, as if he foresees Gawain's eventual success: â€Å"Keep, cousin,† said the king, â€Å"what you cut with this day And if you rule it aright, then readily, I know, You shall stand the stroke it will strike after† (Lines 371-374). While neither Gawain nor the reader is aware of the game that is already occurring throughout the plot of the poem, this same game continues to unfold as Gawain arrives at the castle on Christmas Eve.Bercilak, who plays â€Å"host† to Gawain, continues to trick Gawain by not revealing that he is the Green Knight from Arthur's castle. He allows Gawain to stay at his castle, on the condition that anything acquired throughout the day as a result of staying there would be given to Bercilak as a gift. In return, anything that Bercilak acquired while hunting would be gifted to Gawain. We see another representation of Games within hunting, as hunting is sometimes viewed as a game in itself.Gawain sees this mutual exchange of things won over the course of the day as a game, although Bercilak describes this arrangement as a â€Å"covenant† (Line 1384). It also becomes apparent that the hosts’ wife is playing her own games with Gawain by sneaking into his quarters and trying to seduce him. It is at this point in the story in which Gawain breaks a major rule of the game by not telling Bercilak about the girdle, which supposedly holds magical powers that would prevent any harm from coming to Gawain.Gawain does not fail because he accepts the girdle, but rather because he fails to gift the girdle to Bercilak as something won throughout the course of the day. Since Gawain believes that the girdle would give him the power to survive the blow of the Green Knights’ axe, he fails to hand over his relic to his host. Before Gawain goes to bed on this third night of his stay, Bercilak reminds Gawain, â€Å"Every promise on my part shall be fully performed† (Line 1970).This is a hint to the reader that the host is already aware of the fact that Gawain decided not to share this girdle that was gifted to him. When Gawain finally leaves the castle and finds the Green Knight waiting to hold up his end of the bargain, the Green knight continues to play games with Gawain by â€Å"teasing† him with the axe. He stops at first after Gawain flinches and taunts him for moving. Once Gawain remains still and the Knight deals his blow, only scratching the neck of Gawain, the Green Knight reveals his true identity, as well as the identity of Morgan Le Fay.It is at this point the reader realizes that almost everything that has happened up to this point is just a part of an elaborate game. This game was designed at the hands of Morgan Le Fay to teach Gawain, as well as the other knights of Arthurs’ court, that even the most noble of knights are human and subject to failure at the hands of temptation. As Gawain returns still wearing the green girdle around his arm, it is evident that this game has also taught him another valuable lesson: the lesson of humility (Bennett).Gawain returns to Arthur’s court, still wearing the girdle in shame as a reminder to always follow the rules of the game. After Sir Gawain shares his tales of deceit and trickery, the other knights deem it appropriate to also wear green sashes as a reminder of the adventure that Gawain had. Finally, there are at least two more games that the author plays with the reader throughout Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The first and most obvious game is the fact that the author hides important information from the reader until the end, and then reveals this information.Such information includes but is not limited to the host's true identity, the reason for the â⠂¬Å"Christmas game,† and the fact that Gawain’s aunt, Morgan Le Fay, originated the game. While concealing this information is critical to the progression of the story, it still represents a more subtle game that is being played by the author. â€Å"A much more subtle game played by the author, however, is the way that the author sneaks moral instruction into a poem which, up until about the last three hundred lines, is almost purely entertainment†(Putter).The author clearly expresses to the reader that even Gawain, the noblest of knights, is human and subject to failings. Whether in the fourteenth century or today, the author’s message holds significant meaning. It is apparent that we are in fact all human, and at some point or another, subject to some type of failure. I believe that this is the message that the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight wanted to pass along to the reader. In conclusion, the theme of games is demonstrated in many different ways throughout Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.It is seen in the actions of the Green Knight and Morgan Le Fay towards Gawain. It is also evident that similar games are played between the author and the reader. All of these games tie together significantly to reveal what I believe is the key message of this poem: Regardless of social status, we are all human, we are all subject to temptation, and most importantly, we are all, at some point, almost certainly subject to failure. Works Cited 1. Harwood, Britton J. Gawain and the Gift,† PMLA 106. 3 (1991) pp. 483–99. 2. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Sixth Edition, Volume One. General Ed. M. H. Abrams. New York: Norton, 1993. 3. Bennett, Michael J. â€Å"The Historical Background† in A Companion to the Gawain-Poet. Derek Brewer and Jonathan Gibson, editors. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1997. pp. 71-90 4. Putter, Ad. An Introduction to the Gawain-poet. New York: Addison We sley Longman, 1996.

Nike Hrm Issues and Solutions - 5308 Words

Sarawak Campus School of Business amp; Design HBH225N Human Resource Management Semester 02/2012 Individual Assignment Nike – Human Resource Management Issues and Solutions Due Date: Friday, 30. November 2012 By Katharina Pilgrim, ID: 4310187 Executive Summary In 1964 a company known back then as Blue Ribbon Sports was founded by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight. 14 years later the US American multinational corporation officially became Nike, Inc., which is up to today engaged in the development, design and international marketing and selling of sport footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and services. The company’s headquarters are located in Washington County, Oregon, near Beaverton in the United States of†¦show more content†¦22). It can help in order to reinforce the culture of an organisation and its key values. Compensation also facilitates the achievement of the organisation’s business objects and therefore a significant mismatch between the compensation and the organisational strategy can create major barriers (Kolbe, Burkart amp; Zundel 2010, p. 22). In a compensation program with the employee as the objective, there are four points to take in mind. First, all employees must receive equitable treatment; second, the employee’s performance needs to me measured accurately and rewarded appropriately. Also an appropriate compensation change needs to be provided as well as performance and compensation reviews on a regular basis (Kolbe, Burkart amp; Zundel 2010, p. 24). Nike does not see to apply this or any compensation program to their workers in South East Asia, especially in Indonesia and Vietnam. Nike also does not care to pay for performance. 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